Rules of the Day 320N

Click here for a copy of the lectures notes I wrote in class

Click here for a copy of the handouts I used in class today

1. Amines are good bases (pKa of conjugate acid is around 10) and strong nucleophiles in SN2 and Michael reactions. Amines are protonated and positively charged at neutral pH in water.

2. Our sense of smell is tuned to detect molecules that indicate spoiled food by detecting certain characteristic molecules resulting from microbial contamination and degradation. Simple diamines indicate rotten mammal flesh, triethyl amine indicates rotten fish, thiols such as hydrogen sulfide indicate rotten eggs among other spoiled food and butyric acid indicates vomit. Our noses are capable of detecting as little as a few parts per billion of some of these molecules.

3. Because of pi delocalization, an amino group attached to a benzene ring is close to or fully sp2 hybridized. This explains why the DNA bases are planar!!

4. Reaction of nitro(-NO2) groups on aromatic rings with H2 in the presence of Ni produces an amine (-NH2).

5. Reacting an aromatic amine (like aniline) with NaNO2/HCl converts the NH2 group into N2+, the famous "Mr. Bill" reaction (HONO!!!!). The N2+ can be replaced by OH (using H2O), F (using HBF4), CN (using KCN and CuCN), Cl (using HCl and CuCl), Br (using HBr and CuBr), I (using KI), H (using H3PO2). Recall that the starting aromatic amine can come from reduction of a nitro aromatic (H2/Ni), and the nitro aromatic can come from nitration of an aromatic ring (HNO3, H2SO4).

6. Fentanyl is more dangerous than previous drugs of abuse because 1) It is too potent: A small miscalculation in amount is fatal, and 2) it is too easy to make: Heroin is far less potent and synthetically inaccessible so it is only available from natural poppies and must be smuggled in large packages around the world, while fentanly can be synthesized with little to NO chemical training and a little goes a long way so it is easy to hide crossing borders.

7. Drugs prescribed by a doctor and purchased from a real pharmacy are safe and effective. HOWEVER, THERE IS NO BLACK MARKET VERSIONS OF REAL ADDERALL AND XANAX, THESE ARE ALL FAKE AND CONTAIN METHAMPETAMINE (ADDERRAL) AND FENTANYL (XANAX) AND NO REAL DRUG! EVEN A SMALL MISCALCULATION BY THE DRUG DEALER WILL KILL YOU WITH A FAKE XANAX. PLEASE KNOW WHERE NALOXONE (NARCAN) IS IN CASE THIS HAPPENS TO SOMEONE YOU CARE ABOUT. YOU CAN GET A FREE DOSE OF NARCAN FROM THE PCL CIRCULATION DESK, NO QUESTIONS ASKED! PLEASE DO THIS, YOU NEVER KNOW WHO'S LIFE YOU MIGHT SAVE.

Homework:

No more reading assignments this semester!!

There is no Daily Quiz Today because you have enough to do at the end of the semester!!

Finish working on the Homework Problem Set 10, due at 10 PM on Monday, April 22. Click here to access the Homework Problem Set 8. This IS AN IMPORTANT ONE!! We will be grade it for completion only. There is no Aktiv learning portion of this homework, just Gradescope.