Rules of the Day
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Featured Golden Rules of Chemistry: 6. Delocalization of unpaired electron density over a larger area is stabilizing.
1. Alkanes react with halogens, usually Cl2 and Br2, in the presence of radical initiators like peroxides, heat or light to generate haloalkanes via the radical chain reaction mechanism. Once radicals initiate the chain reaction, they keep reacting to make more product until a termination step.
2. Carbon radicals should be thought of as being similar to carbocations; sp2 hybridized, wanting electron density, stabilized by alkyl groups. In the case of radicals, the unpaired electron density is stabilized by being spread around to increase stability, and in the case of carbocations, it is the charge that is being spread around to increase stability (See Golden Rules).
3. The predominant site of halogen reaction corresponds to the site of the most stable radical, therefore, the order of reactivity during the halogenation reaction is: tertiary H > secondary H > primary H.
4. Allyl radicals and cations are stabilized by resonance with adjacent double bonds (pi-way). The unpaired electron density (radical) or positive charge (cation) is spread over a larger area, and that is stabilizing.
HOMEWORK:
Read: Sections 8.7 - 8.8, 9.1 - 9.2.
Take the Daily Quiz 16 before 10 PM tomorrow. Click here to access the quiz. These quizzes are designed to review the important material from today's lecture. Together, they will count as 5% of your final grade.